The Side Effects of Long-Term Use of Metformin

Understanding Metformin and Its Common Uses

Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for managing type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's sensitivity to insulin, helping to control blood sugar levels. As a first-line treatment, it's often recommended for long-term use, but prolonged consumption can come with potential side effects that patients should be aware of.

Gastrointestinal Issues

One of the most common side effects of long-term metformin use is gastrointestinal discomfort. This can include symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. While these symptoms often subside as the body adjusts to the medication, in some cases, they can persist and affect the patient's quality of life.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Long-term use of metformin has been linked to vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin can interfere with the absorption of this essential vitamin, leading to symptoms like fatigue, neuropathy, and cognitive difficulties. Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels is recommended for patients on long-term metformin therapy to prevent potential deficiencies.

Lactic Acidosis Risk

Though rare, lactic acidosis is a serious condition that can occur with metformin use, particularly in patients with kidney impairment. This condition results from the buildup of lactic acid in the blood and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Patients should be aware of symptoms such as muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and unusual fatigue, which require immediate medical attention.